Schematic of the SLM simulation system. (a) Pair distribution function curve for a Fe₅₀Ni₅₀ powder, (b) perspective view, (c) top view, and (d) front view. The coloring scheme indicates the height of atoms. The red arrow in (d) describes the initial position of the laser source.

Evolution of (a and d) amorphous bond pairs, (b and e) crystal bond pairs, and (c and f) ICO + DEFICO types, FCC + HCP types, and BCC type under scanning speeds of 0.1 nm/ps and 1.0 nm/ps with P =550 eV/ps, respectively.

Evolution of crystal and icosahedral clusters at scanning speeds of 0.1 nm/ps (a–d) and 1.0 nm/ps (e–h) under 550 eV/ps. Red and blue boxes in dicate the heating and cooling processes, respectively.

Relationship between temperature and time under difffferent process parameters in SLM process.